Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?

A. pancreatic amylase

B. trypsin

C. sucrase

D. pancreatic nuclease

Answer Explanation:

b) trypsin

- Correct: Trypsin is an enzyme involved in the chemical digestion of protein. It is secreted as trypsinogen by the pancreas and activated to its active form, trypsin, by enterokinase in the duodenum. Trypsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides by cleaving peptide bonds between specific amino acids.

a) pancreatic amylase

- Incorrect: Pancreatic amylase is an enzyme involved in the digestion of carbohydrates (starches). It breaks down starch molecules into maltose and other simpler sugars.

c) sucrase

- Incorrect: Sucrase is an enzyme involved in the digestion of disaccharide sugars, specifically sucrose. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose, and fructose.

d) pancreatic nuclease

- Incorrect: Pancreatic nuclease is an enzyme involved in the digestion of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). It breaks down nucleic acid molecules into their component nucleotides.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.

Q #1: During the process of absorption, nutrients from food go from:

A. the intestines into the bladder

B. the blood into the organs

C. the intestines into the bloodstream

D. the mouth into the stomach

Answer Explanation

c. the intestines into the bloodstream

- Correct: During the process of absorption, nutrients from food pass from the intestines into the bloodstream. After food is broken down into its constituent nutrients through digestion in the stomach and small intestine, these nutrients are absorbed across the lining of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The small intestine is highly specialized for absorption, with villi and microvilli increasing the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Once absorbed into the bloodstream, nutrients are transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body to provide energy, support growth and repair, and maintain overall health.

a. the intestines into the bladder

- Incorrect: The bladder is part of the urinary system and is responsible for storing urine produced by the kidneys. Absorption of nutrients does not involve passage into the bladder.

b. the blood into the organs

- Incorrect: While nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream are indeed transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body, absorption itself occurs in the intestines, not directly from the blood into the organs.

d. the mouth into the stomach

- Incorrect: The mouth and stomach are primarily involved in the initial stages of digestion, including mechanical breakdown of food and the initiation of chemical digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the small intestine, not from the mouth into the stomach.
Q #2: Which of these cells secrete hormones?

A. parietal cells

B. mucous neck cells

C. enteroendocrine cells

D. chief cells

Answer Explanation

c) enteroendocrine cells

- Correct: Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract that secrete hormones. These hormones play various roles in the regulation of digestion, nutrient absorption, and other physiological processes. Examples of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells include gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin.

a) parietal cells

- Incorrect: Parietal cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor, but they do not secrete hormones.

b) mucous neck cells

- Incorrect: Mucous neck cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and secrete mucus, which helps protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment, but they do not secrete hormones.

d) chief cells

- Incorrect: Chief cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and secrete pepsinogen, the precursor to the enzyme pepsin, which plays a role in protein digestion. Chief cells do not secrete hormones.
Q #3: Which of the following organs has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa?

A. small intestine

B. esophagus

C. stomach

D. large intestine

Answer Explanation

C. stomach

- Correct: The stomach has three layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, which is the muscular layer of the gastrointestinal tract responsible for peristalsis and mixing of food. These muscle layers are arranged in longitudinal, circular, and oblique orientations, allowing for the mechanical processing of ingested food and the propulsion of food through the digestive tract. This muscular arrangement contributes to the stomach's ability to churn and mix food with gastric juices during digestion.

A. small intestine

- Incorrect: While the small intestine does have smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, it typically has two layers of smooth muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

B. esophagus

- Incorrect: The esophagus also has smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, but it typically has two layers of smooth muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

D. large intestine

- Incorrect: The large intestine, like the small intestine, typically has two layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

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Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?

More Questions on TEAS 7 Science

Q #1: During the process of absorption, nutrients from food go from:

Answer Explanation

Q #2: Which of these cells secrete hormones?

Answer Explanation

Q #3: Which of the following organs has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa?

Answer Explanation

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