Which of the following membranes covers the stomach?

A. falciform ligament

B. mesocolon

C. parietal peritoneum

D. visceral peritoneum

Answer Explanation:

d) visceral peritoneum

- Correct: The visceral peritoneum covers the stomach. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. The portion of the peritoneum that directly covers the surface of an organ is called the visceral peritoneum. In the case of the stomach, the visceral peritoneum covers its outer surface, providing a protective and lubricating layer.

a) falciform ligament

- Incorrect: The falciform ligament is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. It does not cover the stomach.

b) mesocolon

- Incorrect: The mesocolon is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall. It does not cover the stomach.

c) parietal peritoneum

- Incorrect: The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity but does not cover individual organs. It forms the outer layer of the peritoneum and is not directly associated with covering the stomach.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.

Q #1: The digestive system breaks down food into:

A. nutrients

B. amylase

C. saliva

D. sphincters

Answer Explanation

a. nutrients

- Correct: The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients. These nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, which are essential for various physiological functions in the body. Once broken down into nutrients through mechanical and chemical digestion, these substances are absorbed by the intestines and transported via the bloodstream to cells throughout the body for energy production, growth, repair, and other metabolic processes.

b. amylase

- Incorrect: Amylase is an enzyme involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. It is produced by salivary glands in the mouth and by the pancreas and helps break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars. While amylase is an important component of the digestive process, it is not the end product of digestion.

c. saliva

- Incorrect: Saliva is a fluid secreted by salivary glands in the mouth. It contains water, electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes such as amylase. Saliva helps moisten food, initiate the digestion of carbohydrates, and facilitate swallowing, but it is not the end product of digestion.

d. sphincters

- Incorrect: Sphincters are ring-like muscles that control the movement of materials through various parts of the digestive tract by opening and closing. While sphincters play a crucial role in regulating the flow of food and waste through the digestive system, they are not the end products of digestion.
Q #2: Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?

A. voluntary phase

B. buccal phase

C. pharyngeal phase

D. esophageal phase

Answer Explanation

a) voluntary phase

- Correct: The voluntary phase of deglutition (swallowing) involves the initial voluntary movement of food from the mouth into the pharynx. During this phase, the tongue pushes the food bolus backward toward the oropharynx. Contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis propels the food bolus into the pharynx, which is part of the voluntary control of swallowing.

b) buccal phase

- Incorrect: The buccal phase of deglutition involves the initial formation of the food bolus and its movement toward the oropharynx by the coordinated action of the tongue and muscles of the cheeks. It does not involve contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis.

c) pharyngeal phase

- Incorrect: The pharyngeal phase of deglutition is involuntary and occurs when the food bolus reaches the pharynx. It involves the sequential contraction of muscles in the pharyngeal wall to propel the food bolus downward toward the esophagus. The contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis is not a significant component of the pharyngeal phase.

d) esophageal phase

- Incorrect: The esophageal phase of deglutition involves the passage of the food bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach. Peristaltic waves of contraction and relaxation of the muscularis propels the food bolus along the length of the esophagus. The contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis primarily occurs during the voluntary phase of deglutition, not the esophageal phase.
Q #3: Which human excretory organ breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea?

A. lung

B. kidney

C. skin

D. liver

Answer Explanation

D) liver

- Correct: The liver is the human excretory organ that breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea. Red blood cells have a finite lifespan and are continually replaced by new cells produced in the bone marrow. When old or damaged red blood cells are removed from circulation, their components are broken down by macrophages, primarily in the spleen and liver. The liver plays a crucial role in this process by breaking down hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, into heme and globin. Heme is further broken down into bilirubin, which is excreted in bile and eventually eliminated from the body in feces. Additionally, the liver synthesizes urea as a waste product of protein metabolism, which is excreted by the kidneys in urine.

A) lung

- Incorrect: While the lungs play a role in the excretion of carbon dioxide during respiration, they are not involved in breaking down red blood cells or synthesizing urea.

B) kidney

- Incorrect: The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products and excess substances, such as urea, creatinine, and electrolytes, to produce urine. While the kidneys excrete urea synthesized by the liver, they do not break down red blood cells.

C) skin

- Incorrect: The skin is involved in excreting certain waste products, such as sweat (containing water, electrolytes, and small amounts of urea and other metabolic waste), but it does not break down red blood cells or synthesize urea.

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Which of the following membranes covers the stomach?

More Questions on TEAS 7 Science

Q #1: The digestive system breaks down food into:

Answer Explanation

Q #2: Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?

Answer Explanation

Q #3: Which human excretory organ breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea?

Answer Explanation

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