Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell?

A. Lysozymes

B. Perforin

C. Cytokines

D. Granzymes

Answer Explanation:

Cytokines are small proteins that act as chemical messengers between different types of immune cells. They can stimulate or inhibit the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells. For example, interleukins are a type of cytokine that is produced by one type of white blood cell and can affect the behavior of another type of white blood cell. Lysozymes, perforin, and granzymes are all molecules that are involved in killing pathogens or infected cells, but they do not directly activate other immune cells.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.

Q #1: Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body?

A. The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.

B. The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body's molecules to be preserved.

C. The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body, which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body.

D. The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.

Answer Explanation

The answer lies in the environmental conditions of the Alps. The body was quickly frozen by the low temperature and covered by snow and ice, which prevented exposure to air, moisture, and microorganisms. The freezing also slowed down the chemical reactions that would normally break down the body's cells and tissues. Thus, the body was preserved in a natural mummy state until it was discovered by modern humans.
Q #2: The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules?

A. Carbohydrates

B. Nucleic acids

C. Proteins

D. Lipids

Answer Explanation

The cytoskeleton of a cell is a complex network of filaments and tubules that provides structural support, shape, movement, and organization to the cell and its components.

The cytoskeleton is composed mainly of proteins, which are macromolecules made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The three main types of proteins that form the cytoskeleton are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Each type has a different structure, function, and distribution within the cell.
Q #3: Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?

A. Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.

B. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the pyloric sphincter.

C. Sodium bicarbonate is a protease that digests carbohydrates.

D. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

Answer Explanation

The pancreas releases sodium bicarbonate into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The main function of sodium bicarbonate is to neutralize the acidity of chyme, the semi-digested food that comes from the stomach. By doing so, sodium bicarbonate creates a more alkaline environment that is suitable for the action of pancreatic enzymes. Sodium bicarbonate does not affect peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction of the intestinal muscles, nor does it stimulate the pyloric sphincter, the valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum. Sodium bicarbonate is not a protease, an enzyme that digests proteins, nor does it digest carbohydrates.

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Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell?

More Questions on TEAS 7 Science

Q #1: Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body?

Answer Explanation

Q #2: The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules?

Answer Explanation

Q #3: Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?

Answer Explanation

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