Hardened deposits of cholesterol that accumulate in the structure that stores bile are known as

A. gallstones

B. ulcers

C. goiters

D. allergies

Answer Explanation:

A) gallstones

- Correct: Hardened deposits of cholesterol that accumulate in the structure that stores bile, which is the gallbladder, are known as gallstones. Gallstones can also contain other substances, such as bilirubin or calcium salts, in addition to cholesterol. These stones can vary in size and may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. In severe cases, gallstones may require medical intervention, including surgery, to remove them.

B) ulcers

- Incorrect: Ulcers are sores or lesions that develop in the lining of the digestive tract, commonly in the stomach (gastric ulcers) or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). They are not related to hardened deposits of cholesterol in the gallbladder.

C) goiters

- Incorrect: Goiters are abnormal enlargements of the thyroid gland in the neck. They can be caused by iodine deficiency, thyroid disorders, or other factors, but they are not related to gallstones.

D) allergies

- Incorrect: Allergies are immune responses to specific substances (allergens) that the body perceives as harmful, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, or anaphylaxis. They are not related to hardened deposits of cholesterol in the gallbladder.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.

Q #1: A source of roughage in the human diet is supplied by certain

A. saturated lipids

B. complete proteins

C. complex carbohydrates

D. nucleic acids

Answer Explanation

C) complex carbohydrates

- Correct: Complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, are sources of roughage in the human diet. Roughage, also known as dietary fiber, refers to the indigestible portion of plant foods that adds bulk to the stool and promotes healthy digestion. Complex carbohydrates contain both soluble and insoluble fiber, which helps regulate bowel movements, prevent constipation, and promote overall digestive health.

A) saturated lipids

- Incorrect: Saturated lipids, commonly found in animal fats and some plant oils, are not sources of roughage. While they are a component of the diet and provide energy, they do not contribute to the fiber content of the diet.

B) complete proteins

- Incorrect: Complete proteins, which contain all essential amino acids, are not sources of roughage. Proteins are important for building and repairing tissues, as well as for various physiological functions, but they do not provide dietary fiber.

D) nucleic acids

- Incorrect: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are not sources of roughage. They are essential molecules involved in genetic information transfer and protein synthesis but are not related to the fiber content of the diet.
Q #2: Salmonella bacteria can cause humans to have stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. The effect these bacteria have on humans indicates that Salmonella bacteria are

A. predators

B. pathogenic organisms

C. parasitic fungi

D. decomposers

Answer Explanation

B) pathogenic organisms

- Correct: Salmonella bacteria are pathogenic organisms, meaning they can cause disease in humans and other animals. When ingested, Salmonella bacteria can lead to symptoms such as stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Salmonella infection, known as salmonellosis, is a common cause of foodborne illness, often associated with the consumption of contaminated food, particularly undercooked poultry, eggs, and unpasteurized dairy products.

A) predators

- Incorrect: Predators are organisms that hunt, kill, and consume other organisms for food. Salmonella bacteria are not predators; they do not actively hunt and consume other organisms.

C) parasitic fungi

- Incorrect: Salmonella bacteria are not parasitic fungi. Parasitic fungi are fungi that derive nutrients from living organisms, often causing harm or disease. Salmonella bacteria are a distinct type of pathogenic bacteria, not fungi.

D) decomposers

- Incorrect: Decomposers are organisms that break down and feed on dead organic matter, aiding in the process of decomposition. Salmonella bacteria are not decomposers; they are pathogenic bacteria that can cause illness in humans and animals.
Q #3: The digestion of food and subsequent absorption into the bloodstream is important because

A. absorbed food is toxic to the body

B. absorbed food stimulates reproduction

C. absorbed food is the raw material for metabolism

D. absorbed food aids in respiration

Answer Explanation

C) absorbed food is the raw material for metabolism

- Correct: The digestion of food and subsequent absorption into the bloodstream are essential processes because absorbed food molecules serve as the raw material for metabolism. Once nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream, they are transported to cells throughout the body where they are used for various metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used for energy production. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are used for building and repairing tissues, as well as for synthesizing enzymes and hormones. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which are used for energy production and for building cell membranes and certain hormones. Overall, absorbed food molecules provide the necessary energy and building blocks for cellular activities, growth, and maintenance of the body.

A) absorbed food is toxic to the body

- Incorrect: Absorbed food is not inherently toxic to the body. In fact, nutrients obtained from food are essential for the body's survival and proper functioning. However, certain substances in food may be harmful if absorbed in excessive amounts, such as certain vitamins or minerals. Generally, the body has mechanisms to regulate nutrient absorption and maintain homeostasis.

B) absorbed food stimulates reproduction

- Incorrect: While proper nutrition is important for overall health and fertility, absorbed food does not directly stimulate reproduction. Reproduction is regulated by various hormones and physiological processes within the body.

D) absorbed food aids in respiration

- Incorrect: While nutrients obtained from food are used by cells for energy production through respiration, absorbed food itself does not directly aid in respiration. Respiration is a complex physiological process that involves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs and cellular respiration within cells to produce energy.

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Hardened deposits of cholesterol that accumulate in the structure that stores bile are known as

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