During the aging process, not all hormone levels decrease; some actually increase. Which of the following is a hormone that may increase as a person ages?
A. Cortisol
B. Insulin
C. Luteinizing
D. Thyroid
The aging process affects hormone activity in one of three ways: their secretion can decrease, remain unchanged, or increase.
Hormones that decrease secretion include the following:
- Estrogen (in women)
- Testosterone (in men)
- Growth hormone
- Melatonin
In women, the decline in estrogen levels leads to menopause. In men, testosterone levels usually decrease gradually. Decreased levels of growth hormone may lead to decreased muscle mass and strength. Decreased melatonin levels may play an important role in the loss of normal sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms) with aging.
Hormones that usually remain unchanged or slightly decrease include the following:
- Cortisol
- Insulin
- Thyroid hormones
Hormones that may increase secretions levels include the following:
Parathyroid hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine, in the very old
Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.
More Questions on TEAS 7 Science
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Q #1: What organelle is only associated with plant cells?
A. Cell wall
B. Ribosome
C. Cytoplasm
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer Explanation
Only plant cells have cell walls, which help protect the cell and provide structural support. The cell wall also enforces the overall structural integrity of the plant cell, and it is found outside the cell membrane. The next organelle is a chloroplast. It is found in the cytoplasm of only plant cells. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic compounds used to make food for plant cells by harnessing energy from the sun. These organelles play a role in photosynthesis.
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Q #2: An atom has 28 protons, 32 neutrons, and 28 electrons. What is the name of this isotope?
A. Nickel-32
B. Nickel-60
C. Germanium-56
D. Germanium-60
Answer Explanation
The number of protons, 28, gives the atomic number, which identifies this atom as nickel. The mass is the number after the dash in the isotope name, which is determined by adding the numbers of protons and neutrons (28 + 32 = 60).
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Q #3: Mendel discovered the pattern associated with _____after developing a series of rules in genetics.
A. epigenetics
B. heredity
C. heterogeneity
D. taxonomy
Answer Explanation
Mendel was accurately able to predict the patterns of heredity by studying rules related to genetics. These rules helped shape his theory of heredity. Heredity is the characteristics offspring inherit from their parents.
From experiments with garden peas, Mendel developed a simple set of rules that accurately predicted patterns of heredity. He discovered that plants either self-pollinate or cross-pollinate, when the pollen from one plant fertilizes the pistil of another plant. He also discovered that traits are either dominant or recessive. Dominant traits are expressed, and recessive traits are hidden.
Mendel’s Theory of Heredity
To explain his results, Mendel proposed a theory that has become the foundation of the science of genetics. The theory has five elements:
- Parents do not transmit traits directly to their offspring. Rather, they pass on units of information called genes.
- For each trait, an individual has two factors: one from each parent. If the two factors have the same information, the individual is homozygous for that trait. If the two factors are different, the individual is heterozygous for that trait. Each copy of a factor, or gene, is called an allele.
- The alleles determine the physical appearance, or phenotype. The set of alleles an individual has is its genotype.
- An individual receives one allele from each parent.
- The presence of an allele does not guarantee that the trait will be expressed.
