All of the following are organs of the digestive system except

A. the stomach

B. the mouth

C. the intestines

D. the heart

Answer Explanation:

A) The stomach - This is an organ of the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in breaking down food through the secretion of gastric juices, which contain enzymes and acids to begin the process of digestion. Therefore, option A is correct.

B) The mouth - The mouth is also an organ of the digestive system. It is where the process of digestion begins, as it is responsible for chewing and breaking down food into smaller pieces. Additionally, saliva produced in the mouth contains enzymes that start the chemical breakdown of food. Therefore, option B is correct.

C) The intestines - Both the small intestine and the large intestine are essential organs of the digestive system. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients from food occurs, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested. Therefore, option C is correct.

D) The heart - The heart is not an organ of the digestive system. Instead, it is a part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. While the circulatory system works in conjunction with the digestive system to transport nutrients absorbed from the intestines to various tissues and organs, the heart itself is not directly involved in digestion. Therefore, option D is incorrect.

Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.

Q #1: Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?

A. glucose

B. iron

C. sodium

D. water

Answer Explanation

b) iron

- Correct: Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum, particularly in its proximal portion. Iron absorption occurs through active transport mechanisms facilitated by specialized transport proteins in the duodenal epithelial cells. Once absorbed, iron can be transported into the bloodstream and utilized for various physiological functions, including the production of hemoglobin and other iron-containing proteins.

a) glucose

- Incorrect: Glucose is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, but its absorption occurs mainly in the jejunum and ileum rather than the duodenum. Glucose is absorbed through facilitated diffusion and active transport mechanisms in the epithelial cells lining the small intestine.

c) sodium

- Incorrect: Sodium is absorbed throughout the small intestine, including the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Its absorption occurs through active transport mechanisms in the epithelial cells lining the intestinal mucosa, primarily in conjunction with glucose and other nutrients.

d) water

- Incorrect: Absorption of water indeed takes place in the large intestine, particularly in the colon.
Q #2: In some regions of the world, children suffer from a protein deficiency known as kwashiorkor. This deficiency occurs when a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal. Even though the child is receiving calories, the child becomes sick and less active, and growth ceases. These symptoms are probably due to

A. too many nucleic acids in the diet

B. an overconsumption of complete protein foods

C. not enough carbohydrates in the diet

D. a lack of essential amino acids in the diet

Answer Explanation

D) a lack of essential amino acids in the diet

- Correct: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition that occurs due to inadequate protein intake, particularly deficient in essential amino acids. When a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal, which is often low in protein and deficient in essential amino acids, the child may develop kwashiorkor despite receiving calories. Essential amino acids are necessary for proper growth, immune function, and overall health. Without an adequate supply of essential amino acids, the body cannot synthesize proteins required for various physiological processes, leading to symptoms such as stunted growth, lethargy, edema (swelling), and weakened immune function, which are characteristic of kwashiorkor.

A) too many nucleic acids in the diet

- Incorrect: Kwashiorkor is not caused by an excess of nucleic acids in the diet. Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA and are not directly related to the development of kwashiorkor.

B) an overconsumption of complete protein foods

- Incorrect: Kwashiorkor results from a deficiency in protein intake, particularly inadequate consumption of essential amino acids, rather than an overconsumption of complete protein foods.

C) not enough carbohydrates in the diet

- Incorrect: While a diet lacking in carbohydrates can lead to energy deficiency, it does not directly cause the symptoms of kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is primarily associated with inadequate protein intake, not insufficient carbohydrate intake.
Q #3: Which process is represented by the diagram below?

A. emulsification

B. excretion

C. absorption

D. peristalsis

Answer Explanation

Emulsification is a process by which large fat globules are broken down into smaller droplets. This process is facilitated by substances called emulsifiers, with bile being one of the most common emulsifiers in the human body.

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All of the following are organs of the digestive system except

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Q #1: Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?

Answer Explanation

Answer Explanation

Q #3: Which process is represented by the diagram below?

Answer Explanation

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